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Layer-by-layer assembly for biomedical applications in the last decade.

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  • 1School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.

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Layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly offers precise, eco-friendly fabrication of nanostructured biomaterials for tissue engineering. This review highlights LBL

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Nanostructured materials are crucial for biomedical applications.
  • Layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly is a versatile technique for fabricating functional coatings.
  • LBL technology has seen significant growth with numerous publications, patents, and commercial products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the scientific challenges and advancements in functionalizing biomaterials using LBL over the past decade.
  • To explore the application of LBL in tissue engineering for developing advanced scaffolds and medical devices.
  • To highlight how LBL-functionalized surfaces can modulate cell interactions for improved tissue repair and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature focusing on LBL assembly for biomaterial functionalization in the last 10 years.
  • Analysis of current techniques and innovative materials used in scaffold and medical device preparation.
  • Evaluation of LBL's advantages: precise control, eco-friendliness, versatility, homogeneous film formation, and controlled release of biomolecules/drugs.

Main Results:

  • LBL assembly provides precise control over coating properties, thickness, and homogeneity.
  • The technique is versatile, applicable to various surfaces, and operates under mild, low-cost conditions.
  • LBL enables the incorporation and controlled release of biomolecules/drugs, crucial for biomedical applications.
  • Innovative LBL-functionalized materials are emerging for tissue engineering scaffolds and medical devices.

Conclusions:

  • LBL assembly is a powerful and adaptable method for creating functionalized biomaterials for biomedical applications, particularly tissue engineering.
  • LBL-based strategies are advancing scaffold and medical device design, enabling tailored surface properties.
  • The ability of LBL to modulate cell interactions offers significant potential for enhancing tissue repair, regeneration, and function.