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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...

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Color in Coordination Complexes
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

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Published on: July 18, 2017

A Cu25 Nanocluster with Partial Cu(0) Character.

Thuy-Ai D Nguyen¹, Zachary R Jones¹, Bryan R Goldsmith¹

¹Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|October 1, 2015

Summary

Researchers isolated an atomically precise copper nanocluster, [Cu25H22(PPh3)12]Cl, featuring a unique Cu13 core. This discovery advances the field of copper nanoclusters (NCs) for diverse applications.

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Published on: July 24, 2015

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Atomically precise copper nanoclusters (NCs) are highly sought after for various applications.
The synthesis and characterization of these NCs have presented significant challenges, limiting their accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the successful isolation and characterization of a novel, atomically precise copper nanocluster.
To elucidate the structural and electronic properties of the synthesized copper nanocluster.

Main Methods:

Synthesis involving copper salts (Cu(OAc) and CuCl) with Ph2SiH2 in the presence of PPh3.
Characterization using X-ray crystallography, X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).

Main Results:

Isolation of a copper nanocluster, [Cu25H22(PPh3)12]Cl (1), featuring a Cu13 centered-icosahedral core.
XANES and XPS analyses confirmed a mixed Cu(0)/Cu(I) oxidation state, with a Cu K-edge at 8979.6 eV.
The Auger parameter further supported the intermediate oxidation state assignment.

Conclusions:

The study successfully synthesized and characterized an atomically precise copper nanocluster with unique structural and electronic properties.
The findings provide a foundation for further exploration of copper nanoclusters in catalysis, electronics, and other fields.
The methodology offers a pathway for accessing other elusive copper nanocluster structures.