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Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Catalysis

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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...

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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Efficient Light-Driven Water Oxidation Catalysis by Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes.

Serena Berardi¹, Laia Francàs¹, Sven Neudeck²

¹Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.

|October 2, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two new diruthenium complexes efficiently catalyze light-driven water oxidation, a crucial step for solar fuel production. These robust catalysts demonstrate high performance and outperform existing water oxidation catalysts.

Keywords:

complexes photosensitizer redox chemistry ruthenium water oxidation

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Catalysis
Photochemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Efficient water splitting is essential for producing sustainable solar fuels.
Developing effective catalysts for water oxidation is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel molecular catalysts for visible-light-driven water oxidation.
To investigate the performance and characteristics of pyrazolate-based diruthenium complexes.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and full characterization of two diruthenium complexes.
Evaluation of catalytic activity in visible-light-driven water oxidation.
Electrochemical and spectroscopic analysis in solution and solid state.

Main Results:

The diruthenium complexes efficiently catalyzed homogeneous oxygen production.
Achieved benchmark performances with turnover frequency up to 11.1 s⁻¹ and turnover number of 5300.
Outperformed other known water oxidation catalysts under identical conditions.

Conclusions:

Pyrazolate-based diruthenium complexes are highly effective catalysts for water oxidation.
These complexes offer a promising pathway for solar fuel generation through water splitting.