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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

3.1K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
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A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

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Infections, inflammation and epilepsy.

Annamaria Vezzani1, Robert S Fujinami2, H Steve White3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-"Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.

Acta Neuropathologica
|October 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy, a common neurological condition, can stem from brain infections or inflammation. This review explores infectious and non-infectious causes of seizures and potential prevention strategies.

Keywords:
BacteriaCentral nervous systemCytokinesEncephalitisEpileptogenesisFungiMeningitisNeuroinfectiologyParasitesSeizuresVirus

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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A Behavioral Screen for Heat-Induced Seizures in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
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A Behavioral Screen for Heat-Induced Seizures in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
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A Behavioral Screen for Heat-Induced Seizures in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures.
  • Risk factors for epilepsy vary by age and geography, with infections of the central nervous system (CNS) being a significant contributor.
  • Congenital, developmental, genetic factors, head trauma, CNS infections, tumors, and autoimmune conditions can all lead to epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic CNS infections causing seizures and epilepsy.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis of infection-induced epilepsy and the utility of experimental models.
  • To examine sterile inflammatory responses and autoimmune encephalitis as causes of seizures and their role in epileptogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CNS infections and epilepsy.
  • Analysis of pathogenesis mechanisms for infection-induced epilepsy.
  • Review of experimental models for studying epileptogenesis.
  • Discussion of sterile inflammation and autoimmune encephalitis in relation to seizures.

Main Results:

  • CNS infections are a major risk factor for epilepsy, with higher incidence in resource-poor countries.
  • Both infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes in the brain can contribute to epileptogenesis.
  • Autoimmune encephalitis is identified as a significant cause of seizures.

Conclusions:

  • Brain infections and inflammation are critical factors in epilepsy development.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing preventative strategies.
  • Further research into infection-related and autoimmune causes of epilepsy is warranted.