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Related Concept Videos

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Generation of Human Neurons and Oligodendrocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions
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Reverse engineering human neurodegenerative disease using pluripotent stem cell technology.

Ying Liu1, Wenbin Deng2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Brain Research
|October 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a powerful tool for modeling neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. This "disease-in-a-dish" approach allows researchers to study disease mechanisms and develop new therapies by generating patient-specific cells.

Keywords:
CRISPRGliaInduced pluripotent stem cellsLou Gehrig diseaseMotor neurons

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) share pluripotency with embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  • iPSC technology enables the generation of various cell types for research and therapeutic applications.
  • Neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), exhibit phenotypes that can be modeled in iPSC-derived neural cultures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of iPSCs for modeling adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To investigate the potential of iPSC-derived neural cells for understanding disease mechanisms and drug discovery.
  • To leverage iPSC and ESC technologies for a comprehensive study of ALS pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Reprogramming somatic cells into iPSCs using defined transcription factors.
  • Generating iPSC-derived motor neurons and glial cells from ALS patients.
  • Utilizing "disease-in-a-dish" models for studying neurodegenerative disease processes.
  • Performing parallel experiments with human ESCs to complement iPSC-based studies.

Main Results:

  • iPSC-derived neural cells faithfully recapitulate phenotypes of neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Early developmental stages of disease manifestation are observable in iPSC models.
  • iPSC technology facilitates the investigation of specific genetic factors in disease pathogenesis.
  • Combined studies using iPSCs and ESCs enhance understanding of ALS pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • iPSC technology provides innovative platforms for modeling human neurodegenerative diseases like ALS.
  • Understanding early pathogenic mechanisms in iPSC models offers therapeutic opportunities.
  • Integrating iPSC and ESC approaches provides a robust strategy for unraveling complex disease pathogenesis.
  • These models are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and developing cell-based replacement therapies.