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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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EBV and Autoimmunity.

Alberto Ascherio1,2,3, Kassandra L Munger4

  • 1Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. aascheri@hsph.harvard.edu.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|October 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a likely cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Research shows EBV infection increases the risk for these autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityEpidemiologyErythematosusMultiple sclerosisRisk factorsSystemic lupus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • A plausible link exists between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and autoimmunity.
  • Altered immune responses to EBV are observed in various autoimmune conditions.
  • Establishing causality requires demonstrating increased disease risk post-EBV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present epidemiological findings supporting EBV as a causal factor in MS and SLE.
  • To explore potential mechanisms linking EBV to these autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies on EBV infection and autoimmune disease risk.
  • Analysis of evidence for increased disease incidence following EBV infection.

Main Results:

  • Causal inference for EBV is established for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Evidence suggests EBV is a component cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • Support for EBV causality is lacking or inconclusive for other autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

  • EBV is identified as a component cause for MS and SLE.
  • Epidemiological data strongly supports a causal role for EBV in MS and SLE.
  • Further research into underlying mechanisms is warranted.