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Implications of miR cluster 143/145 as universal anti-oncomiRs and their dysregulation during tumorigenesis
Ani V Das1, Radhakrishna M Pillai1
1Cancer Research Program-9, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud.P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala India.
Abstract:
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, de-regulated due to the imbalance of oncogenes as well as anti-oncogenes, resulting in disruption of tissue homeostasis. In many cases the effect of oncogenes and anti-oncogenes are mediated by various other molecules such as microRNAs. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs established to post-transcriptionally regulate more than half of the protein coding genes. miR cluster 143/145 is one such cancer-related microRNA cluster which is down-regulated in most of the cancers and is able to hinder tumorigenesis by targeting tumor-associated genes. The fact that they could sensitize drug-resistant cancer cells by targeting multidrug resistant genes makes them potent tools to target cancer cells. Their low levels precede events which lead to cancer progression and therefore could be considered also as biomarkers to stage the disease. Interestingly, evidence suggests the existence of several in vivo mechanisms by which this cluster is differentially regulated at the molecular level to keep their levels low in cancer. In this review, we summarize the roles of miR cluster 143/145 in cancer, their potential prognostic applications and also their regulation during tumorigenesis.
Insights
The miR cluster 143/145 microRNA is often downregulated in cancer, hindering tumor growth. Its low levels may indicate disease progression, offering potential as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- Tumorigenesis involves oncogene/anti-oncogene imbalance, disrupting tissue homeostasis.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
- The miR cluster 143/145 is frequently downregulated in various cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miR cluster 143/145 in cancer.
- To explore its potential prognostic applications.
- To summarize its regulation during tumorigenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on miR cluster 143/145 and cancer.
- Analysis of miRNA regulation mechanisms in tumorigenesis.
- Examination of prognostic and therapeutic potential.
Main Results:
- miR cluster 143/145 downregulation hinders tumorigenesis by targeting cancer-associated genes.
- This miRNA cluster can sensitize drug-resistant cancer cells by targeting multidrug resistance genes.
- Low levels of miR cluster 143/145 precede cancer progression, suggesting biomarker potential.
Conclusions:
- miR cluster 143/145 plays a crucial role in suppressing tumor development.
- Dysregulation of this miRNA cluster is implicated in cancer progression and drug resistance.
- Further research into miR 143/145 could lead to novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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