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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Lateral Molar Approach-Driven Transoral Endoscopic Procedure for Benign Infratemporal Fossa Tumor Resection
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Interdisciplinary Approach to a Tooth with Open Apex and Persistent Sinus.

Anoop N Das1, Krishnamohan Geetha2, Ajay Varghese Kurian1

  • 1Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Meeyannoor, Kollam, Kerala 691537, India.

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Summary

Pediatric dental trauma can cause open apex teeth. Surgical intervention with platelet-rich fibrin and bone graft materials successfully healed persistent periapical lesions after apexification failed.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Regenerative Endodontics
  • Pediatric Dentistry

Background:

  • Childhood traumatic injuries can impede tooth root development, resulting in open apices.
  • Apexification aims to close these open apices over time.
  • Chronic cases may lead to non-healing periapical sinuses, necessitating surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of managing a non-healing sinus tract after failed apexification in a pediatric patient.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of surgical intervention combined with regenerative materials for periapical healing.

Main Methods:

  • Apexification using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was performed for root end closure.
  • Surgical intervention included thorough periapical curettage.
  • Application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and a combination of β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite was used.

Main Results:

  • MTA apexification achieved root end closure but did not resolve the periapical sinus.
  • Surgical treatment with curettage, PRF, and bone graft materials resulted in complete healing of the periapical lesion and sinus tract.

Conclusions:

  • While apexification can achieve root closure, it may not always resolve chronic periapical pathology.
  • Surgical management combined with regenerative materials like PRF and bone grafts offers a viable solution for persistent periapical lesions in cases of open apex teeth.