Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Retroperitoneal Sarcoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nephrology
• Pathology

Background:

• Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a oncologic emergency.
• TLS commonly occurs in hematologic malignancies but can occur in solid tumors.
• Spontaneous TLS in solid tumors is rare.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with retroperitoneal sarcoma.
• To review the literature on TLS in solid tumors.

Main Methods:

• Case report presentation.
• Review of existing literature on TLS in solid tumors.

Main Results:

• A 49-year-old female presented with a retroperitoneal mass diagnosed as spindle cell sarcoma.
• The patient developed spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) with acute renal failure, lactic acidosis, and electrolyte abnormalities.
• Despite intensive care and dialysis, the patient's condition deteriorated, leading to hospice care and death.

Conclusions:

• Spontaneous TLS can occur in retroperitoneal sarcoma.
• TLS in solid tumors requires prompt recognition and management.
• This case highlights the potential severity of TLS in rare oncologic presentations.