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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Dietary Science

Background:

  • Fructose is prevalent in processed foods and beverages.
  • Fructose malabsorption causes digestive symptoms like pain and diarrhea.
  • Digestive issues are common in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of fructose malabsorption in SSc patients.
  • To identify risk factors for fructose malabsorption in SSc.
  • To assess the impact of a low-fructose diet on digestive symptoms in SSc patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 80 SSc patients.
  • Fructose breath test to diagnose malabsorption.
  • Questionnaire and Global Symptom Score (GSS) for digestive symptoms.
  • Assessment of delayed gastric emptying.
  • Evaluation of symptoms after a standardized low-fructose diet.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of fructose malabsorption in SSc patients was 40%.
  • Fructose malabsorption correlated with higher GSS scores and absence of delayed gastric emptying.
  • Low-fructose diet reduced GSS scores in SSc patients with fructose malabsorption (median 4 to 1).

Conclusions:

  • Fructose malabsorption is common in SSc patients and contributes to gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Fructose breath testing is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing fructose intolerance in SSc.
  • A low-fructose diet is effective in managing digestive symptoms in SSc patients with fructose malabsorption.