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Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals new oxygen adsorbate superstructures on iridium(111) when a graphene layer is present. These intercalation structures, not seen on bare iridium(111), offer insights into graphene-substrate interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Oxygen adsorption on metal surfaces is crucial for catalysis and electronics.
  • Understanding adsorbate superstructures on iridium(111) is key, but previous findings on specific structures were uncertain.
  • The role of graphene as an interfacial layer in modifying surface chemistry is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and compare oxygen adsorbate superstructures on bare Ir(111) versus those formed by intercalation under graphene on Ir(111).
  • To clarify the existence and stability of oxygen structures on bare Ir(111).
  • To investigate novel oxygen intercalation structures formed between graphene and Ir(111) and their formation conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was employed to image oxygen adsorbate superstructures.
  • Oxygen exposure under varying conditions (pressure, temperature, duration) was performed.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including dispersive forces, were used for comparison.

Main Results:

  • On bare Ir(111), O-(2 × 2) and O-(2 × 1) superstructures were observed, confirming their existence.
  • Under graphene on Ir(111), several oxygen intercalation superstructures were imaged, including O-(2 × 2), O-(√3×√3)-R30°, O-(2 × 1), and O-(2√3 × 2√3)-R30°.
  • Two unique structures, O-(√3×√3)-R30° and O-(2√3 × 2√3)-R30°, were exclusively observed when the graphene layer was present.
  • Phase coexistence and formation conditions of these intercalation structures were analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of a graphene layer significantly alters oxygen adsorption behavior on Ir(111), enabling new intercalation structures.
  • Graphene modifies the adsorbate-substrate interaction, leading to the formation of phases not observed on bare Ir(111).
  • These findings provide fundamental insights into the role of 2D materials in controlling surface chemistry and designing novel interfaces.