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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis
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T-Cell Responses to EBV.

Andrew D Hislop1, Graham S Taylor2

  • 1School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. a.d.hislop@bham.ac.uk.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|October 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most people but rarely causes harm due to T-cell immunity. Understanding T-cell responses is key to controlling EBV-associated diseases.

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An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen, infecting over 90% of the global population.
  • Despite widespread infection, EBV typically causes asymptomatic disease in healthy individuals.
  • EBV has oncogenic potential, contributing to approximately 1% of human malignancies annually.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of T cells in controlling Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.
  • To examine how T-cell responses influence EBV-associated diseases in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on T-cell mediated immunity against EBV.
  • Analysis of clinical data concerning EBV-induced diseases in immunodeficient patients.

Main Results:

  • A robust T-cell immune response is crucial for limiting EBV pathogenesis in the general population.
  • Restoration of T-cell function can be an effective strategy for managing EBV-related diseases in specific patient groups.

Conclusions:

  • The αβ T-cell subset plays a pivotal role in controlling EBV infection and preventing associated malignancies.
  • Immune status, particularly T-cell competence, significantly impacts the clinical outcome of EBV infection.