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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Isolation and Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus from the P3HR1 Cell Line
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Immune Evasion by Epstein-Barr Virus.

Maaike E Ressing1,2, Michiel van Gent1, Anna M Gram1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|October 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) evades the human immune system using numerous strategies. This review details how EBV proteins and RNAs help the virus persist lifelong and contribute to EBV-associated cancers.

Keywords:
Adaptive immunityEpstein‐Barr virusImmune evasionInnate immunityViral immune escape

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects over 90% of adults, establishing lifelong latent infections in B lymphocytes.
  • The human immune system mounts robust innate and adaptive responses against EBV, yet fails to clear the virus.
  • EBV reactivates from latency, expressing numerous viral antigens that trigger immune responses, but the virus persists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immune evasion strategies employed by Epstein-Barr virus.
  • To elucidate how EBV gene products interfere with innate and adaptive immunity.
  • To understand the role of EBV immune evasion in viral persistence and associated malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on EBV immune evasion.
  • Analysis of viral gene products, including proteins and non-coding RNAs.
  • Examination of EBV's impact on host immune responses during latency and productive infection.

Main Results:

  • EBV utilizes a wide array of viral gene products to interfere with host immunity.
  • EBV-encoded proteins and small noncoding RNAs possess immune-evasive properties.
  • These evasion mechanisms contribute to EBV persistence and the development of EBV-associated cancers.

Conclusions:

  • EBV employs sophisticated strategies to escape immune detection and control.
  • Understanding EBV's immune evasion is crucial for developing therapies against EBV persistence and associated cancers.
  • EBV's lifelong persistence and oncogenic potential are linked to its ability to subvert host immunity.