Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

4.6K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
4.6K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

4.5K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.5K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

4.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.4K
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

1.9K
The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
1.9K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

3.8K
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

EpiATLAS - a reference for human epigenomic research.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Integrative Proteomic and In Silico Analysis of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposures in Primary Human Placental Cytotrophoblasts.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Single-cell spatiotemporal dissection of the human maternal-fetal interface.

Nature·2026
Same author

Profiling the cytotoxic effects of naled and other pesticides in primary human placental cytotrophoblasts.

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology·2025
Same author

Real world perspectives on endometriosis disease phenotyping through surgery, omics, health data, and artificial intelligence.

npj women's health·2025
Same author

Multi-omics-based mapping of decidualization resistance in patients with a history of severe preeclampsia.

Nature medicine·2025
Same journal

Early patient removal of urinary catheters after urogynecologic surgery, a randomized trial.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·2026
Same journal

Standard vs. Lower Pressure Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·2026
Same journal

Association of Surgical Approach with Oncologic Outcomes in Low-Risk Cervical Cancer.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·2026
Same journal

Trends in Infertility Treatments by Race, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Region in U.S. Birth Certificates from Live Births: 2011-2022.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·2026
Same journal

Likelihood ratios enhance clinical interpretation of metagenomic prediction of early-onset neonatal sepsis in preterm premature rupture of membranes (Letter-to-the-Editor).

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·2026
Same journal

Taking risk stratification in preterm premature rupture of membranes to the bedside (Reply to Letter-to-the-Editor).

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
05:31

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: January 26, 2024

1.5K

Why is placentation abnormal in preeclampsia?

Susan J Fisher1

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|October 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preeclampsia involves abnormal placentation where cytotrophoblasts fail to adequately invade uterine spiral arteries. In vitro culture of these cells from preeclamptic placentas can normalize gene expression, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
HLA-GPLGFangiogenic factorcytotrophoblastendoglinendothelial cellinflammationplacentapregnancyspiral artery

More Related Videos

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
04:08

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Published on: June 27, 2025

1.3K
Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis
05:30

Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
05:31

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: January 26, 2024

1.5K
Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
04:08

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes

Published on: June 27, 2025

1.3K
Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis
05:30

Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and immunology
  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Cellular and molecular biology

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is a complex syndrome characterized by abnormal placentation and maternal inflammatory response.
  • During normal pregnancy, cytotrophoblasts invade uterine spiral arteries, remodeling them for adequate placental perfusion.
  • In preeclampsia, cytotrophoblast invasion is often shallow and incomplete, leading to impaired vascular remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differentiation defects of cytotrophoblasts in preeclampsia.
  • To explore the potential for in vitro normalization of cytotrophoblast gene expression.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for reversing abnormal placental function in preeclampsia.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cytotrophoblast invasion and differentiation markers in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.
  • In vitro isolation and culture of cytotrophoblasts from preeclamptic placentas.
  • Gene expression profiling of cultured cytotrophoblasts to assess normalization.

Main Results:

  • Defects in cytotrophoblast differentiation and vascular mimicry were observed in preeclampsia.
  • In vitro culture of cytotrophoblasts from preeclamptic placentas led to normalization of gene expression.
  • Specific molecules, such as SEMA3B, involved in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, were found to be normalized.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant differentiation of cytotrophoblasts in preeclampsia contributes to abnormal placentation.
  • In vitro culture conditions can reverse some aspects of aberrant cytotrophoblast differentiation.
  • These findings highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting molecular pathways for preeclampsia treatment.