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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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A continuous mapping between space and valence with left- and right-handers.

Sébastien Freddi1, Thibaut Brouillet1, Joël Cretenet1

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Emotions are abstract concepts often mapped onto concrete domains like space.
  • The bodily specificity hypothesis (BSH) links dominant hand actions to positive valence and fluency.
  • Previous research suggests spatial biases in emotional processing, but continuous mapping remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if emotional valence corresponds to a continuous lateral spatial bias.
  • To test the bodily specificity hypothesis (BSH) by examining the influence of handedness on spatial emotion perception.
  • To determine if extreme emotional stimuli are perceived at spatial extremities.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted involving strong right- and left-handed participants.
  • Participants performed spatial location tasks using emotional faces with seven distinct valence levels.
  • Data analysis focused on the relationship between handedness, emotional valence, and spatial location judgments.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between emotional valence and lateral spatial bias.
  • Extreme valenced stimuli (highly positive or negative) were consistently located at the extremities of a horizontal line.
  • This effect was modulated by participants' handedness, aligning with the bodily specificity hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional valence is spatially mapped onto a continuous horizontal dimension, supporting mental metaphor theories.
  • The bodily specificity hypothesis is supported, demonstrating how bodily experiences influence abstract concept processing.
  • This research provides evidence for a continuous, embodied representation of emotions in space, independent of motivational direction.