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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

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To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
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Resonance02:52

Resonance

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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
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Resonance and Hybrid Structures02:16

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

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According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
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Formal Charges02:42

Formal Charges

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In some cases, there are seemingly more than one valid Lewis structures for molecules and polyatomic ions. The concept of formal charges can be used to help predict the most appropriate Lewis structure when more than one reasonable structure exists.
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Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

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Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
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Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

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Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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The structure of the O2-N2O complex.

Steven R Salmon1, Joseph R Lane1

  • 1School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied the oxygen-nitrous oxide (O2-N2O) complex, revealing a flat potential energy surface. This finding clarifies the molecule's structure and has implications for computational chemistry methods.

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Molecular Interactions

Background:

  • Understanding intermolecular interactions is crucial for predicting molecular behavior.
  • The oxygen-nitrous oxide (O2-N2O) complex has been experimentally studied, but its precise structure and energetic properties remain subjects of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the lowest energy structures and interaction energies of the O2-N2O complex.
  • To resolve ambiguities in previously reported experimental geometric parameters.
  • To investigate the characteristics of the intermolecular potential energy surface.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing explicitly correlated coupled cluster theory for high-accuracy electronic structure calculations.
  • Analyzing the intermolecular potential energy surface to identify minima and saddle points.

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  • Comparing theoretical results with experimental spectroscopic data.

    • Main Results:

    • The intermolecular potential energy surface of O2-N2O is found to be exceptionally flat.
    • Two distinct minima of comparable energy were identified, separated by a low-energy saddle point.
    • The planar, distorted slipped parallel structure is confirmed as the global minimum.
    • The study successfully distinguishes between conflicting experimental geometric parameters.

    Conclusions:

    • The flat potential energy surface presents challenges for numerical calculations of vibrational frequencies.
    • The confirmed global minimum structure provides a definitive structural model for O2-N2O.
    • Further investigation into computational methodologies for systems with flat potential energy surfaces is warranted.