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Technical Note: Characterization of custom 3D printed multimodality imaging phantoms.

Matthew F Bieniosek1, Brian J Lee2, Craig S Levin3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305.

Medical Physics
|October 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

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Three dimensional (3D) printing enables the creation of cost-effective, customized imaging phantoms. These 3D printed phantoms demonstrate functional equivalence to commercial options, offering a viable solution for researchers.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Materials Science
  • Rapid Prototyping

Background:

  • Imaging phantoms are crucial research tools but can be expensive and difficult to customize.
  • Three dimensional (3D) printing offers a rapid prototyping solution for fabricating customized objects.
  • 3D printing allows for the creation of low-cost, multimodal, and reusable imaging phantoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the use of 3D printed phantoms by comparing them to commercial phantoms.
  • To present results from customized 3D printed PET/MRI and high-resolution imaging phantoms.
  • To assess the feasibility of 3D printing for creating functional imaging phantoms.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired CT and PET scans of 3D printed and commercial Micro Deluxe phantoms with varying hot rod sizes.

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  • Compared measured rod sizes, activities, and attenuation coefficients between phantom types.
  • Performed PET/MRI scans on a custom phantom and X-ray transmission scans on a high-resolution phantom with sub-mm features.

    • Main Results:

    • 3D printed and commercial phantoms showed excellent agreement (<3% difference in CT rod diameter, <5% in PET rod diameter).
    • Differences in average rod activity were within measurement uncertainties (max 6.2%).
    • Custom 3D printed phantoms successfully visualized features as small as 350 μm, and PET/MRI scans identified hot and cold rods.

    Conclusions:

    • 3D printed phantoms are functionally equivalent to commercially available imaging phantoms.
    • 3D printing provides a viable method for fabricating customized, low-cost imaging phantoms.
    • This technology facilitates rapid distribution and customization of essential research tools.