Diagnostic Evaluation of Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

The cause of pediatric sensorineural hearing loss is diverse, comprising genetic, acquired, and idiopathic conditions. Identifying the specific cause requires that children undergo thorough otolaryngologic and audiometric evaluations, which generally include laboratory tests and temporal bone imaging studies. Clinical genetics and ophthalmologic consultations are also frequently warranted. A sequential diagnostic approach has been shown to be both prudent and cost-effective. Although a definitive cause is being established, amplification and a comprehensive treatment strategy should be initiated to ensure that developmental, auditory, and speech and language delays are minimized.