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A Physiological and Behavioral Mechanism for Leaf Herbivore-Induced Systemic Root Resistance
Matthias Erb1, Christelle A M Robert2, Guillaume Marti2
1Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (M.E., C.A.M.R.);Root-Herbivore Interactions Group, Department of Biochemistry (M.E., C.A.M.R., J.L.), and Department of Biochemistry (J.G.), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, DE-07745 Jena, Germany;Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland (M.E., C.A.M.R., G.R.D., N.V., T.C.J.T.);Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.M., J.-L.W.);Unité de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères, INRA, 86600 Lusignan, France (Y.B.); andUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings, South Dakota 57006 (B.W.F.) matthias.erb@ips.unibe.ch.
Leaf herbivory alters maize root chemistry, causing root pests like Diabrotica virgifera virgifera to avoid infested plants. This plant-mediated interaction offers potential for pest control via genetic modification.
Area of Science:
- Plant-insect interactions
- Chemical ecology
- Terrestrial ecology
Background:
- Indirect interactions between herbivores shape ecosystems.
- Leaf feeders often negatively impact root herbivores via plant mediation.
- Mechanisms of plant systemic changes and herbivore responses are poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate how leaf herbivory by Spodoptera littoralis affects root herbivore Diabrotica virgifera virgifera.
- Identify physiological changes in maize roots and behavioral responses of D. virgifera.
- Elucidate the chemical basis for D. virgifera's avoidance of infested plants.
Main Methods:
- Maize (Zea mays) plants infested with Spodoptera littoralis.
- Behavioral assays for Diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae.
- Analysis of root physiology, focusing on phenolic acids.
- Biochemical inhibition and genetic manipulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis.
Main Results:
- D. virgifera strongly avoided leaf-infested maize plants within 12 hours.
- Avoidance was induced by herbivory, not wounding alone.
- Leaf herbivory altered soluble free and conjugated phenolic acids in roots.
- Inhibiting phenolic acid biosynthesis abolished the avoidance response.
Conclusions:
- Plant-mediated interactions involve systemic root chemical changes.
- Soluble conjugated phenolic acids mediate D. virgifera's avoidance behavior.
- Mimicking these induced changes offers a novel strategy for controlling D. virgifera.
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