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Related Concept Videos

Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

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Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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Antifungal Agents01:15

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Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
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Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

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Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
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A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line
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Pathogen- and Host-Directed Antileishmanial Effects Mediated by Polyhexanide (PHMB).

Rebuma Firdessa1, Liam Good2, Maria Cecilia Amstalden3

  • 1Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|October 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) demonstrates potent antileishmanial activity by damaging parasite DNA and membranes. This antimicrobial agent also effectively delivers immune-stimulating CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, offering a dual-action therapeutic strategy for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with limited treatment options.
  • Intracellular parasite localization poses a challenge for existing therapies.
  • Novel, safe, and accessible treatments are urgently needed for CL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antileishmanial properties of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB).
  • To explore PHMB's potential as a drug delivery vehicle for nucleic acid-based immunomodulators.
  • To investigate PHMB's mechanism of action against Leishmania parasites.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed PHMB's efficacy against Leishmania major in vitro.
  • Investigated PHMB's mechanism of action, including membrane integrity and DNA interaction.
  • Formulated PHMB-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) nanopolyplexes for enhanced delivery and immunomodulation.

Main Results:

  • PHMB exhibited significant antileishmanial activity at submicromolar concentrations.
  • PHMB disrupts parasite membrane integrity and induces selective chromosome condensation.
  • PHMB-CpG ODN nanopolyplexes enhanced CpG ODN uptake, potentiated antimicrobial activity, and reduced PHMB toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • PHMB shows promise as a topical therapeutic agent for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
  • PHMB serves as an effective delivery vehicle for nucleic acid immunomodulators.
  • The low cost and safety profile of PHMB support its potential clinical application.