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Related Concept Videos

Caspases01:24

Caspases

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
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Programmed Cell Death and Caspase Functions During Neural Development.

Yoshifumi Yamaguchi1, Masayuki Miura2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
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PubMed
Summary

Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for nervous system development, matching neurons with targets. Caspase activation, key to apoptosis, may also have non-apoptotic roles in neural development.

Keywords:
ApoptosisCaspaseDrosophilaMouseNervous systemNeural tube closureNeuroblastsProgrammed cell deathSensory organ precursorSignaling center

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for nervous system development.
  • PCD regulates neural cell numbers and corrects developmental errors.
  • Apoptosis, a major form of PCD, is executed by caspases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the roles of PCD in nervous system development.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of caspase activation in neural development.
  • To understand potential non-apoptotic functions of caspases.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic studies preventing apoptosis.
  • Analysis of caspase activation dynamics.
  • Investigating caspase roles beyond cell death.

Main Results:

  • PCD matches projecting neurons with target cells via neurotrophic factor competition.
  • PCD is vital for neural cell number regulation and tissue remodeling.
  • Evidence suggests coordinated caspase activation may mediate non-apoptotic functions.

Conclusions:

  • PCD is a fundamental process in vertebrate nervous system development.
  • Caspase activation in neural development may extend beyond apoptotic roles.
  • Further research into non-apoptotic caspase functions is warranted.