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Related Concept Videos

Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
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The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Related Experiment Video

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Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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From state dissociation to status dissociatus.

Elena Antelmi1, Raffaele Ferri2, Alex Iranzo3

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

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Summary

State dissociation involves disruptions in consciousness, where features of one state intrude into another. This review classifies these disorders, including status dissociatus, offering a new framework for understanding altered states of being.

Keywords:
Agrypnia ExcitataNarcolepsyParasomniaREM sleep behavior disorderState dissociationStatus dissociatus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • States of being are conventionally defined by simultaneous behavioral, neurophysiological, and autonomic descriptors.
  • State dissociation disorders arise from the intrusion of features from one state into an ongoing state.
  • These disorders are classified based on the predominant ongoing state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review diseases and disorders associated with state dissociation and status dissociatus.
  • To propose a critical classification of this complex scenario.
  • To elucidate the spectrum of state dissociation, from mild intrusions to extreme asynchronous states.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical case studies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for various sleep and neurological disorders.
  • Synthesis of information to propose a novel classification system.

Main Results:

  • Disorders are categorized into dissociation from wakefulness, REM sleep, and NREM sleep.
  • Status dissociatus represents an extreme form of state dissociation with asynchronous state components.
  • Status dissociatus can manifest intermittently or continuously, as seen in conditions like autoimmune encephalopathies, narcolepsy type 1, IgLON5 parasomnia, and agrypnia excitata.

Conclusions:

  • State dissociation and status dissociatus represent a spectrum of consciousness disorders.
  • A proposed classification aids in understanding and diagnosing these complex conditions.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiology and treatment of state dissociation disorders.