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Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...

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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

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[Injection treatment with hyaluronic acid].

¹Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirugie und Sportmedizin, Johanna Etienne Krankenhaus, Am Hasenberg 46, 40416, Neuss, Deutschland. J.Jerosch@ak-neuss.de.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie

|October 4, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This article outlines the approved uses for hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for osteoarthritis, drawing from major European and American clinical guidelines. It provides a comprehensive overview for patient care across Europe.

Keywords:

Arthritis Indications Management Recommendations Treatment

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Retinal Detachment Model in Rodents by Subretinal Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate

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Published on: September 11, 2013

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Orthopedics
Pharmacology

Context:

Osteoarthritis management presents diverse clinical challenges.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are a common treatment modality.
Varied international guidelines exist for HA application.

Purpose:

To synthesize recommendations from leading rheumatology and osteoarthritis societies regarding hyaluronic acid (HA) use.
To present a unified spectrum of indications for HA therapy.
To align treatment guidelines with European patient care realities.

Summary:

This review consolidates indications for hyaluronic acid (HA) from EULAR, ACR, OARSI, NICE, and ESCEO.
It details the evidence-based applications of HA for osteoarthritis.
The spectrum covers various patient profiles and disease severities.

Impact:

Provides clinicians with a clear, evidence-based framework for prescribing HA.
Aims to standardize and optimize HA treatment protocols in Europe.
Facilitates informed decision-making in osteoarthritis management.