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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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[Facial palsy sequel and botulinum toxin]

L Benichou1, D Labbe2, C Le Louarn3

  • 1Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale, hôpital Paris Saint-Joseph, 185, rue Raymond-Losserand, 75014 Paris, France.

Annales De Chirurgie Plastique Et Esthetique
|October 4, 2015
PubMed

Keywords:
Botulinum toxinCo-contractionFacial paralysisHyperactivityHyperactivitéParalysie facialeSpasmSpasmeSyncinésieSynkinesisToxine botuliqueTraitementTreatment

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