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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Related Experiment Video

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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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Allergens, sources, particles, and molecules: Why do we make IgE responses?

Judith A Woodfolk1, Scott P Commins1, Alexander J Schuyler1

  • 1Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States.

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|October 5, 2015
PubMed
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Allergens trigger immune responses, but asthma and food allergies can have delayed symptoms. Understanding allergen sources, particles, and exposure routes is key to managing allergic diseases.

Keywords:
Allergen immunochemistryHay feverHygieneIgE antibody titerPediatric asthma

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Allergens are foreign proteins triggering IgE responses.
  • Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies can exhibit delayed or chronic symptoms.
  • Particle properties significantly influence inhaled allergen responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex factors contributing to the rise in allergic diseases.
  • To re-evaluate the role of the skin in allergen sensitization.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of allergic disease triggers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on allergen exposure and sensitization pathways.
  • Analysis of historical trends in allergic disease prevalence.
  • Examination of the biological properties of allergen-carrying particles.

Main Results:

  • Increased indoor allergen exposure and inactivity correlate with pediatric asthma.
  • The skin is increasingly recognized as a significant route for sensitization.
  • Mite fecal particles exemplify complex allergen carriers with immunologically active substances.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding allergic diseases requires knowledge of allergen sources, particle characteristics, and exposure routes.
  • The rise in allergic diseases is multifactorial, involving environmental and behavioral changes.
  • A holistic approach is needed to address the growing burden of allergies.