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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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MALAT1 long non-coding RNA in cancer.

Rei Yoshimoto1, Akila Mayeda2, Minoru Yoshida3

  • 1Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|October 6, 2015
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Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a long non-coding RNA found in metastatic cancer cells. This review details MALAT1

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Massive parallel sequencing reveals over 80% of the human genome is transcribed into RNA.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a significant class of these transcripts.
  • Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a lncRNA upregulated in metastatic carcinoma cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular characteristics and functions of MALAT1.
  • To explore the implications of MALAT1 in the molecular pathology of various cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and massive parallel sequencing data.
  • Analysis of proposed molecular functions of MALAT1, including alternative splicing control and transcriptional regulation.

Main Results:

  • MALAT1 is identified as a key lncRNA in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.
  • Two primary molecular functions are proposed for MALAT1: regulation of alternative splicing and transcriptional control.

Conclusions:

  • MALAT1 plays a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis.
  • Understanding MALAT1's functions is vital for elucidating cancer molecular pathology.
  • Further research into MALAT1 could reveal therapeutic targets for various cancers.