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Comparative safety evaluation of silica-based particles.

Helene Kettiger1, Didem Sen Karaman2, Laura Schiesser1

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Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
|October 6, 2015
PubMed
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The safety of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) as drug carriers is controversial. Porous SNPs with negative surface charge showed higher cytotoxicity and caused hemolysis, highlighting potential hazards.

Keywords:
Cell viabilityHemolysisOxidative stressSilica nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely explored for drug delivery systems (DDS) and biomedical imaging.
  • Incorporating therapeutic and diagnostic agents into SNPs can enhance drug stability and dissolution.
  • The safety profile of SNPs as drug carriers requires further investigation due to a lack of standardized nano-specific toxicity tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of physico-chemical properties of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) on cellular toxicity and hemolysis.
  • To identify specific SNP characteristics that may pose potential hazards for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized 12 types of SNPs with varied size, surface topology (porous/non-porous), and surface modifications.
  • Characterized SNPs by size, surface area, and surface charge (ζ-potential).
  • Assessed cellular uptake, cytotoxicity (HepG2, THP-1 cells), and hemolysis (erythrocytes) using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • Porous SNPs with a negative surface charge exhibited the highest cytotoxicity.
  • No observed oxidative stress in either cell line across all tested SNPs.
  • Negative surface charge correlated with concentration-dependent hemolysis of erythrocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Physico-chemical properties, specifically porous surfaces and negative charge, are linked to increased cytotoxicity and hemolysis.
  • Spherical amorphous silica nanoparticles possess potential hazards that warrant careful consideration for safe application.
  • Further research into nano-specific safety assessments is crucial for reliable risk prediction.