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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

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Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
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Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

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Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

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The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
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Aggregate Cement Ratio01:21

Aggregate Cement Ratio

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The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...
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Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
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Calcium silicate-based cements: composition, properties, and clinical applications.

Alaa E Dawood1, Peter Parashos1, Rebecca H K Wong1

  • 1Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.

Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
|October 6, 2015
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Summary

Newer calcium silicate cements (CSCs) show promise as alternatives to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in endodontics. While offering potential improvements, further research is needed to confirm their clinical efficacy and benefits over traditional MTA.

Keywords:
calcium silicate-based cementclinical applicationsendodonticmineral trioxide aggregateproperties

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Endodontics
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a widely used calcium silicate cement (CSC) in endodontics for pulpal regeneration and hard tissue repair.
  • MTA exhibits superior performance compared to older materials like calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) but has drawbacks including poor handling and long setting times.
  • Newer CSCs have been developed to address MTA's limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on newly available calcium silicate cement (CSC) products.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for the clinical application of these novel CSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on new CSC products.
  • Analysis of properties and performance data of new CSCs.
  • Comparison of new CSCs with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Main Results:

  • The review identified newer CSC products as potential alternatives to MTA.
  • Current data suggests promising properties for these new materials.
  • Limitations in available data regarding the full scope of properties and performance were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Newer calcium silicate cements (CSCs) may offer viable alternatives to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in endodontic treatments.
  • Further comprehensive research is essential to validate the long-term efficacy and clinical benefits of these emerging CSCs.
  • Evidence-based recommendations for clinical use require more supporting data.