Constipation in Childhood. An update on evaluation and management

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Constipation is a common childhood issue, defined as delayed or difficult defecation lasting over two weeks.
• It is a frequent pediatric condition requiring clinical attention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide pediatricians with an overview of childhood constipation.
• Discussing etiology, diagnosis, symptoms, and evaluation.

Main Methods:

• Literature search of PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, ESPGHAN, and NASPGHAN.
• Review of evidence on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

Main Results:

• Functional constipation accounts for 90-95% of childhood cases.
• Organic causes are rare but warrant investigation.

Conclusions:

• Functional constipation remains prevalent in children.
• Treatment varies by age; maintenance and medication reduction are key.
• Close monitoring and prompt re-treatment are crucial; referral is indicated for treatment failure or suspected organic disease.