Complement activation in the context of stem cells and tissue repair
Ingrid U Schraufstatter1, Sophia K Khaldoyanidi1, Richard G DiScipio1
1Ingrid U Schraufstatter, Sophia K Khaldoyanidi, Richard G DiScipio, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
World Journal of Stem Cells
|October 6, 2015
Summary
The complement pathway aids tissue repair by clearing dead cells and attracting stem cells. Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are key mediators in this crucial, underappreciated healing process.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- The complement pathway is traditionally recognized for immune surveillance and inflammation.
- Its role in clearing pathogens, necrotic, and apoptotic cells is an ancient mechanism for initiating tissue repair.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the means and mechanisms of complement-mediated tissue repair.
- To highlight the underappreciated role of complement in healing processes, focusing on anaphylatoxins.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on complement biology and tissue repair.
- Emphasis on the functions of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in repair processes.
Main Results:
- Complement activation contributes to tissue repair at multiple levels.
- Includes chemo-attraction of stem/progenitor cells, enhanced cell survival via complement split products, and trophic factor production stimulated by C3a and C5a.
Conclusions:
- The complement system plays a significant role in initiating and supporting tissue repair.
- Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are critical mediators in complement-driven tissue regeneration.
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