Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Bioluminescence Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Different Animal Models
10:42

Bioluminescence Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Different Animal Models

Published on: October 22, 2012

16.8K

NADPH Oxidases in Chronic Liver Diseases

Joy X Jiang1, Natalie J Török1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Advances in Hepatology
|October 6, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Oxidative stress in chronic liver diseases involves nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs). This review explores NOX pathways, distribution, and roles in liver disease redox signaling.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases like viral hepatitis, alcoholic, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are key sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver.
  • NOX isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, NOX4) play distinct roles in liver inflammation, injury, and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on NOX enzymes in liver diseases.
  • To summarize NOX activation pathways and cellular distribution in the liver.
  • To elucidate the role of NOXs in modulating redox signaling in hepatic pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on NOX enzymes in liver disease.
  • Analysis of research on NOX isoform function and regulation.
  • Synthesis of data on redox signaling pathways involving NOXs.

Main Results:

  • NOX enzymes, particularly NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4, are significantly implicated in liver oxidative stress.
  • NOX2 is crucial for Kupffer cell and neutrophil functions in inflammation.
  • Nonphagocytic NOX homologues are increasingly recognized for their roles in oxidative injury and wound healing.

Conclusions:

  • NOX enzymes are critical mediators of oxidative stress and redox signaling in chronic liver diseases.
  • Understanding NOX regulation and function is vital for developing therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting NOX pathways may offer novel approaches for treating liver diseases.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

10.6K
In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation07:10

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Published on: August 16, 2013

20.9K

Related Concept Videos

Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
22.2K
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

2.0K
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
5.3K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
9.7K
Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
18.9K
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
111