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Continuous Hydrologic and Water Quality Monitoring of Vernal Ponds
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In Search of Lost Springs: A Protocol for Locating Active and Inactive Springs.

R J Fensham1, J L Silcock2, O Powell2

  • 1Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, 4066, QLD, Australia.

Ground Water
|October 6, 2015
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Summary

Groundwater spring activity in Australia's Great Artesian Basin is declining due to human water extraction. A new protocol helps identify active and inactive springs, revealing significant losses, especially for artesian springs.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrogeology
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Groundwater springs are vital ecosystems and landscape features.
  • Human groundwater exploitation significantly impacts spring activity by lowering water tables and artesian pressure.
  • Identifying active and inactive springs is crucial for assessing these impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a protocol for determining the location and status of springs.
  • To establish a database of springs within the Great Artesian Basin, Australia.
  • To assess the impact of groundwater extraction on spring ecosystems and hydrogeological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combination of archival, environmental, and field-based data collection.
  • Developed a systematic protocol for spring identification and status determination.
  • Compiled data into a comprehensive spring database for the Great Artesian Basin.

Main Results:

  • The Great Artesian Basin database reveals 30.0% of artesian springs are entirely inactive and 11.8% partially inactive.
  • Outcrop (gravity) springs show lower inactivity rates: 1.9% entirely and 7.4% partially inactive.
  • Springs in the overlying Tertiary sandstone exhibit higher inactivity: 30.9% entirely and 18.2% partially inactive.

Conclusions:

  • Groundwater extraction has led to substantial spring inactivity in the Great Artesian Basin.
  • The developed protocol and database are essential tools for monitoring spring health and managing groundwater resources.
  • Understanding spring status is critical for conserving unique spring ecosystems and hydrogeological functions.