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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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[Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence: a reappraisal].

Natalia Covarrubías, Carmen Hurtado, Alex Díaz

    Revista Chilena De Infectologia : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Chilena De Infectologia
    |October 6, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hepatitis E virus (HEV) seroprevalence in Chile was significantly underestimated by older tests. Newer, more sensitive assays reveal a higher prevalence, particularly in older individuals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Epidemiology

    Context:

    • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) seroprevalence varies globally, influenced by diagnostic assay performance.
    • Previous HEV IgG testing in Chile between 2009-2012 used an ELISA kit with 7.3% positivity.
    • Advancements in diagnostic sensitivity have impacted global HEV seroprevalence data.

    Purpose:

    • To re-evaluate HEV IgG seroprevalence in Chilean patients using a modern, highly sensitive assay.
    • To compare results from a new ELISA kit with previous findings from 2009-2012.
    • To assess the association between age, gender, and HEV IgG seropositivity.

    Summary:

    • A retrospective analysis of 178 serum samples previously tested for HEV IgG was conducted.
    • Initial testing with a Genelabs ELISA kit yielded 7.3% positivity.
    • Re-evaluation with the AccuDiag™ HEV-IgG ELISA kit, boasting >99.8% sensitivity and specificity, revealed a 32.6% positivity rate (a 4.5-fold increase, p<0.001).
    • A significant association was found between older age and HEV IgG seropositivity (p<0.001), with no gender difference.

    Impact:

    • Suggests that earlier HEV testing in Chile may have significantly underestimated true seroprevalence.
    • Highlights the critical role of assay sensitivity in accurately determining public health burdens like HEV.
    • Recommends re-evaluation of HEV seroprevalence in Chile using current, advanced diagnostic technologies.