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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
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Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

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[Orthoreoviruses].

Takeshi Kobayashi1

  • 1International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University.

Uirusu
|October 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian reoviruses (MRVs) are nonenveloped viruses with segmented double-stranded RNA genomes. These viruses are valuable models for studying viral replication and pathogenesis, and show potential as oncolytic agents.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Orthoreoviruses, part of the Reoviridae family, are nonenveloped, icosahedral viruses with 10 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome segments.
  • They are classified into fusogenic and nonfusogenic subgroups, with mammalian reoviruses (MRVs) belonging to the nonfusogenic group.

Purpose:

  • To provide a concise overview of the virological characteristics of mammalian reoviruses (MRVs).
  • To highlight MRVs as experimental models for studying segmented dsRNA virus replication and pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the potential of MRVs as oncolytic agents due to their tumor-selective cell-killing abilities.

Summary:

  • Mammalian reoviruses (MRVs) are nonenveloped viruses characterized by a segmented dsRNA genome.
  • MRVs serve as tractable models for investigating viral replication and pathogenesis.
  • Their demonstrated ability to selectively induce tumor cell death has led to their evaluation in clinical trials as oncolytic agents.

Impact:

  • Advances understanding of segmented dsRNA virus biology.
  • Provides insights into viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Supports the development of novel oncolytic virotherapies for cancer treatment.