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Related Concept Videos

Histology of the Uterus01:19

Histology of the Uterus

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The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
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[Small cell structured cell nests of endometrial stroma].

B Melcher1, M Vieth1, H Maier2

  • 1Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Straße 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Deutschland.

Der Pathologe
|October 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Stromal collapse in endometrial tissue can mimic small cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry aids in accurate diagnosis, distinguishing benign changes from malignancy.

Keywords:
CurettageDifferential diagnosisEndometriumGlandular and stromal breakdownStromal collapse

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Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic pathology
  • Histopathology
  • Oncologic diagnostics

Background:

  • Endometrial diagnostic curettage is a common gynecologic procedure.
  • Histologic evaluation of endometrial tissue is crucial for diagnosing various conditions.

Observation:

  • Small clumps of endometrial stromal cells can undergo stromal collapse.
  • This artifactual change presents as glandular and stromal breakdown.

Findings:

  • Stromal collapse may be mistaken for small cell structured carcinoma, particularly of neuroendocrine or basal cell type.
  • Immunohistochemical markers, including estrogen receptor, epithelial, neuroendocrine, and proliferation markers, are essential for differential diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Accurate differentiation prevents misdiagnosis of endometrial stromal collapse as malignancy.
  • Immunohistochemistry is vital for confirming benign stromal changes and avoiding unnecessary oncologic treatment.