Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

3.1K
The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
3.1K
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

1.8K
The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the...
1.8K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

591
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
591
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

455
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
455
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

483
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
483
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

603
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
603

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Crizotinib-induced osteitis mimicking bone metastasis in a stage IV ALK-rearranged NSCLC patient: a case report.

BMC cancer·2020
Same author

Pipeline Diameter Significantly Impacts the Long-Term Fate of Jailed Side Branches during Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2018
Same author

α-Endosulfine (ARPP-19e) Expression in a Rat Model of Stroke.

Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology·2017
Same author

MRI evidence that glibenclamide reduces acute lesion expansion in a rat model of spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord·2013
Same author

Doppel-induced apoptosis and counteraction by cellular prion protein in neuroblastoma and astrocytes.

Neuroscience·2006
Same author

Increased aquaporin-4 expression in ammonia-treated cultured astrocytes.

Neuroreport·2003

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
10:03

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: June 27, 2025

771

Systemic arterial hypertension in head trauma.

J M Simard1, M Bellefleur

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.

The American Journal of Cardiology
|February 2, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure is crucial after head injury. However, excessively high blood pressure can harm the injured brain by disrupting the blood-brain barrier and autoregulation, leading to swelling and edema.

More Related Videos

Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
08:38

Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems

Published on: April 18, 2019

32.7K
Hemodynamic Characterization of Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
09:40

Hemodynamic Characterization of Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: April 11, 2016

21.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
10:03

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: June 27, 2025

771
Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
08:38

Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems

Published on: April 18, 2019

32.7K
Hemodynamic Characterization of Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
09:40

Hemodynamic Characterization of Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: April 11, 2016

21.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Adequate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is vital for preventing cerebral ischemia in head injury patients.
  • The detrimental effects of excessively high CPP are less understood than those of low CPP.
  • Head injury can trigger a hyperadrenergic state, leading to elevated blood pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of elevated blood pressure on the injured brain.
  • To emphasize the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying brain swelling and edema formation due to high CPP.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of impaired blood-brain barrier and autoregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on head injury, cerebral perfusion pressure, and blood pressure management.
  • Analysis of pathophysiologic mechanisms including blood-brain barrier disruption and impaired cerebral autoregulation.
  • Discussion of hyperadrenergic states post-head injury.

Main Results:

  • Elevated blood pressure, often seen in hyperadrenergic states, can be detrimental to injured brains.
  • Disturbances in the blood-brain barrier and cerebral autoregulation contribute to brain swelling and edema.
  • These pathophysiologic changes can exacerbate secondary brain injury.

Conclusions:

  • While low CPP is recognized as harmful, excessively high CPP also poses significant risks.
  • Understanding the impact of elevated blood pressure is critical for optimizing patient management after head injury.
  • Further research into managing hypertension in head injury patients is warranted to prevent secondary brain damage.