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Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Benjamin Lebwohl1, Jonas F Ludvigsson2, Peter H R Green3
1Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|October 7, 2015
Summary
Celiac disease, an immune disorder triggered by gluten, affects 1% of Western populations. Research explores its rising prevalence, diverse symptoms, and new therapies beyond a gluten-free diet.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
- Genetics
Background:
- Celiac disease is a multisystem immune disorder triggered by gluten in susceptible individuals.
- Prevalence has increased to ~1% in Western populations, possibly due to environmental factors like the hygiene hypothesis.
- Pathophysiology involves innate and adaptive immune responses to gluten, with diverse clinical manifestations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of celiac disease pathophysiology and clinical features.
- To discuss the rising prevalence and suspected environmental triggers.
- To cover emerging non-dietary therapies and non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
- Analysis of epidemiological trends and suspected environmental factors.
- Summary of current therapeutic strategies and research in development.
Main Results:
- Celiac disease presents with varied symptoms, impacting gastrointestinal health, bone metabolism, and fertility.
- A gluten-free diet is effective but burdensome; new therapies are under development.
- Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is increasingly recognized, though its pathophysiology remains unclear.
Conclusions:
- Celiac disease management requires a gluten-free diet, but novel treatments are needed.
- Understanding the rising prevalence and environmental links is crucial.
- Further research into non-celiac gluten sensitivity is warranted due to growing public interest.
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