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Genetic epidemiology of coronary artery disease: an Asian Indian perspective
Shanker Jayashree1, Maitra Arindam, Kakkar V Vijay
1Functional Genomics Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru 560 099, India.jayashreeshanker@triindia.org.in.
Insights
Genetic factors significantly influence coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, especially in Asian Indians. Further research is needed to clarify gene impacts on CAD susceptibility and incident risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Genetics
- Population Health
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of death.
- Genetic factors play a role in CAD development, beyond lipid metabolism.
- Understanding genetic predispositions in high-risk populations like South Asians is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and consolidate existing literature on the genetics of CAD in Asian Indians.
- To identify knowledge gaps regarding specific genes and their impact on CAD susceptibility.
- To guide future research for clinically relevant insights.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genetic studies on CAD in Asian Indians.
- Analysis of identified gene polymorphisms and their association with CAD.
- Assessment of data limitations and need for validation in large cohorts.
Main Results:
- Novel genes and variants are implicated in CAD aetiopathology.
- Current knowledge on specific gene identities and their impact on disease risk is limited.
- Existing studies in Asian Indians are often isolated and lack validation.
Conclusions:
- Consolidating current literature is essential for understanding CAD genetics in Asian Indians.
- Further large-scale prospective studies are required to validate findings.
- Generating clinically valuable information necessitates addressing current research limitations.
Abstract:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent findings on the role of genetic factors in the aetiopathology of CAD have implicated novel genes and variants in addition to those involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. However, our present knowledge is limited due to lack of clarity on their exact identity and the quantum of impact on disease susceptibility, and incident risk. It is a matter of great interest to understand the role of genetic factors in ethnic populations that have a strong underlying predisposition to CAD such as the South Asian populations, particularly among Asian Indians living in India and abroad. Although, a number of isolated studies do implicate certain gene polymorphisms towards enhanced disease susceptibility, the available data remains scanty and inconclusive as they have not been validated in large, prospective cohorts. The present review aims to consolidate the available literature on the genetics of CAD in Asian Indians and seeks to provide insights on the concerns that need to be addressed in future studies to generate information having clinical value.
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