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Nephrons

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...

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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

[Glomerulonephritides].

¹Klinik für Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52057, Aachen, Deutschland. juergen.floege@rwth-aachen.de.

|October 7, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Glomerulonephritis, including immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, impacts young adults and has significant health economic implications. This review covers pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapy for common European glomerulonephritis types.

Keywords:

Glomerulonephritis, membranous Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental IgA nephropathy Nephropathy, minimal change Primary glomerulonephritis

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Immunology
Rare Diseases

Context:

Glomerulonephritis (GN) encompasses various kidney diseases, many classified as rare despite their prevalence and impact.
Common GN types disproportionately affect young adults, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and significant health economic burdens.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is a primary cause of ESRD in young adults.

Purpose:

To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapy of common European glomerulonephritis types.
To highlight recent advancements in understanding IgA nephropathy.
To provide a focused overview of membranous glomerulonephritis, minimal change nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).

Summary:

This review synthesizes current understanding of GN pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment strategies.
It emphasizes recent findings concerning IgA nephropathy, a leading cause of ESRD in young individuals.
Key European GN types discussed include IgA nephropathy, membranous GN, minimal change disease, and FSGS.

Impact:

Enhances understanding of rare kidney diseases and their economic impact.
Provides clinicians with updated information for managing common glomerulonephritis.
Contributes to improved patient outcomes through evidence-based therapeutic approaches.