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Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
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Prior knowledge in recalling arguments in bioethical dilemmas.

Hiemke K Schmidt1, Martin Rothgangel2, Dietmar Grube1

  • 1Educational Psychology, Department of Education, Faculty I: School of Educational and Social Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|October 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Prior knowledge across different subjects aids memory recall for complex topics like bioethical dilemmas. This study shows that even unrelated prior knowledge can significantly improve remembering information over time.

Keywords:
bioethical dilemmainterestmultiple domainsprior knowledgerecall

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Prior knowledge typically enhances learning within the same domain.
  • The role of prior knowledge from diverse domains in recall is less understood.
  • This study investigates if varied prior knowledge aids recall of bioethical arguments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effect of prior knowledge from various domains on recalling arguments related to prenatal diagnostics.
  • To determine if interest mediates the relationship between prior knowledge and recall.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-nine eleventh-grade students completed a prior knowledge questionnaire across seven domains.
  • Students read a text on prenatal diagnostics arguments.
  • Recall of arguments was assessed after 1 week and 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Prior knowledge positively correlated with argument recall at both 1 week (r=0.350) and 12 weeks (r=0.316).
  • Knowledge in three specific domains significantly improved recall after 1 week.
  • Interest did not confound the relationship between prior knowledge and recall.

Conclusions:

  • Prior knowledge, even from unrelated domains, facilitates the recall of information on bioethical topics.
  • The findings suggest a broad benefit of diverse prior knowledge for memory retention in complex subjects.