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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Screens02:46

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Pooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells
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A new age in functional genomics using CRISPR/Cas9 in arrayed library screening.

Alexander Agrotis1, Robin Ketteler1

  • 1MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London UK.

Frontiers in Genetics
|October 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR technology enables precise genome editing and gene expression modulation. This review highlights CRISPR-based functional genomics advancements and future directions, focusing on mammalian systems.

Keywords:
CRISPRCas9/sgRNAhigh-content imaginghigh-throughput screeningknockdownsiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 technology revolutionized biological research, enabling routine, precise genome editing.
  • The system utilizes a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 protein to specific DNA loci.
  • Modifications to Cas9 allow for diverse functions beyond DNA cleavage, such as gene activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in CRISPR-based functional genomics.
  • To discuss future directions in CRISPR applications.
  • To focus on mammalian cell systems and arrayed library screening.

Main Methods:

  • Designing specific guide RNAs to target Cas9 to desired genomic locations.
  • Utilizing catalytically inactive Cas9 fused with activation domains to modulate gene expression.
  • Generating pooled guide RNA libraries for high-throughput screening across various genomes.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 enables precise targeting and editing of DNA sequences.
  • Modified Cas9 proteins can activate endogenous gene expression by targeting promoter regions.
  • Pooled and arrayed library screening facilitates functional genomic studies.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR technology offers versatile tools for functional genomics.
  • Future directions include expanding applications in mammalian systems and advanced screening methods.
  • CRISPR-based functional genomics holds significant potential for biological discovery.