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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Pseudogenes in Human Cancer.

Laura Poliseno1, Andrea Marranci2, Pier Paolo Pandolfi3

  • 1Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori , Pisa , Italy ; Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pisa , Italy.

Frontiers in Medicine
|October 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudogenes, identified through RNA sequencing, serve as specific cell identity markers and show potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Altered pseudogene expression is increasingly linked to cancer development, positioning them as key cancer classifiers.

Keywords:
animal models of cancercancerceRNAsdiagnostic markersmutagenic factorsprognostic markerspseudogenes

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Pseudogenes are increasingly recognized for their roles beyond non-functional relics.
  • Advances in RNA sequencing reveal pseudogenes as specific cell identity markers.
  • Emerging evidence links pseudogene dysregulation to oncogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in pseudogene research.
  • To highlight the utility of pseudogenes as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
  • To discuss the application of pseudogenes in cancer classification.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA sequencing data.
  • Review of genetically engineered mouse models.
  • Literature review of recent milestones in pseudogene research.

Main Results:

  • Pseudogenes are highly specific markers of cell identity.
  • Pseudogene expression levels correlate with cell type.
  • Genetically engineered mouse models support a causal role for pseudogenes in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Pseudogenes are valuable biomarkers for cell identity and disease diagnosis.
  • Altered pseudogene expression is implicated in cancer.
  • Pseudogenes hold significant potential as cancer classifiers.