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Empathy from the client's perspective: A grounded theory analysis.

Peter MacFarlane1, Timothy Anderson1, Andrew S McClintock1

  • 1a Department of Psychology , Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA.

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|October 8, 2015
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Summary

Client perceptions of empathy in psychotherapy are multifaceted, encompassing relational context, types of empathy, and its benefits. Understanding these dimensions is key to improving therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
empathygrounded theoryinterpersonal process recallqualitative

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychotherapy Research
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Empathy is a crucial factor in client outcomes in psychotherapy.
  • There is a lack of consensus on how to best conceptualize empathy within the therapeutic context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore clients' in-session experiences and perceptions of empathy.
  • To develop a client-centered model of empathy in psychotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Employed semi-structured, video-assisted interpersonal process recall interviews.
  • Collected data from nine clients undergoing individual psychotherapy at a university clinic.
  • Utilized grounded theory analysis for data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • A three-cluster model of empathy emerged: relational context (personal and professional relationships), types of empathy (therapist's cognitive/emotional empathy, client attunement), and utility (process and client benefits).
  • Empathy was identified as a dynamic construct influenced by the client-therapist relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Empathy in psychotherapy is a complex, multi-dimensional, and interactive process.
  • The therapeutic relationship significantly shapes and is shaped by empathic exchanges.
  • Client perceptions offer valuable insights into the utility and application of empathy in therapy.