Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

5.3K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
5.3K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

8.5K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
8.5K
What is Glycolysis?00:56

What is Glycolysis?

182.3K
Overview
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the chemical bonds of macromolecules) into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first step of this tightly regulated and intricate process is glycolysis. The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). Glycolysis serves two main intracellular functions: generating ATP and generating...
182.3K
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

893
Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
893
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

4.4K
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
4.4K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

3.1K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glycogen: Biosynthesis and Regulation.

EcoSal Plus·2015
Same author

Characterization of the AGPase large subunit isoforms from tomato indicates that the recombinant L3 subunit is active as a monomer.

The Biochemical journal·2010
Same author

Oligosaccharide binding in Escherichia coli glycogen synthase.

Biochemistry·2009
Same author

The crystal structures of the open and catalytically competent closed conformation of Escherichia coli glycogen synthase.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2009
Same author

Two Arabidopsis ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunits (APL1 and APL2) are catalytic.

Plant physiology·2008
Same author

Identification of regions critically affecting kinetics and allosteric regulation of the Escherichia coli ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase by modeling and pentapeptide-scanning mutagenesis.

Journal of bacteriology·2007
Same journal

A history of <i>EcoSal Plus</i>.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

Transcriptional reprogramming by bacteriophage T4: turning the host transcriptional machinery to the dark side.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

Bacteriophage T4 genome packaging: mechanism and application.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

The bacteriophage T4 homologous recombination system: mechanism, applications, conservation, and environmental significance.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

The bacteriophage T4 replisome: a model system for understanding DNA replication mechanisms.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

Biology of host-dependent restriction-modification in prokaryotes.

EcoSal Plus·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro
07:16

Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro

Published on: November 24, 2013

29.0K

Glycogen: Biosynthesis and Regulation.

Jack Preiss1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.

Ecosal Plus
|October 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteria like E. coli synthesize glycogen during excess carbon and limited nutrients. This review details the enzymes, genetic regulation, and allosteric control of bacterial glycogen synthesis.

More Related Videos

Spectrophotometric Methods for the Study of Eukaryotic Glycogen Metabolism
07:59

Spectrophotometric Methods for the Study of Eukaryotic Glycogen Metabolism

Published on: August 19, 2021

4.7K
Radiochemical Assessment of Glycogen Synthase Enzyme Activity in Animal Tissue
02:30

Radiochemical Assessment of Glycogen Synthase Enzyme Activity in Animal Tissue

Published on: October 24, 2025

267

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro
07:16

Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro

Published on: November 24, 2013

29.0K
Spectrophotometric Methods for the Study of Eukaryotic Glycogen Metabolism
07:59

Spectrophotometric Methods for the Study of Eukaryotic Glycogen Metabolism

Published on: August 19, 2021

4.7K
Radiochemical Assessment of Glycogen Synthase Enzyme Activity in Animal Tissue
02:30

Radiochemical Assessment of Glycogen Synthase Enzyme Activity in Animal Tissue

Published on: October 24, 2025

267

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Glycogen accumulation is observed in diverse bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium.
  • Bacterial glycogen synthesis occurs under conditions of carbon excess and nutrient limitation (e.g., nitrogen source deficiency).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the enzymatic pathways and regulatory mechanisms governing bacterial glycogen synthesis.
  • To characterize the key enzymes involved in glycogen production and discuss their properties.
  • To present data on the genetic regulation of glycogen synthesis and alternative pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of enzymatic reactions in glycogen synthesis.
  • Analysis of allosteric regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
  • Characterization of glycogen synthase and branching enzymes.
  • Compilation of genetic regulation data for glycogen synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of enzymatic reactions for glycogen synthesis.
  • Characterization of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, glycogen synthase, and branching enzyme properties.
  • Presentation of genetic regulatory data for glycogen synthesis.
  • Identification of an alternative glycogen synthesis pathway in mycobacteria.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial glycogen synthesis is a complex process involving specific enzymes and regulatory networks.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for comprehending bacterial carbon metabolism and energy storage.
  • Alternative pathways exist, highlighting the diversity of microbial metabolic strategies.