Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

41
Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
41
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

2.6K
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
2.6K
Bacterial Toxins01:12

Bacterial Toxins

51
Bacterial toxins are sophisticated virulence factors that enable pathogenic bacteria to interact with, invade, and damage host tissues. These toxins fall broadly into two types: protein exotoxins, which are secreted into the environment and target specific host receptors, and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins, which are structural components of the bacterial outer membrane released primarily during bacterial lysis or membrane shedding. Exotoxins generally act more selectively, binding to cell...
51
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

468
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
468

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

RfaH Counter-Silences Inhibition of Transcript Elongation by H-NS-StpA Nucleoprotein Filaments in Pathogenic Escherichia coli.

mBio·2022
Same author

Tailoring a Global Iron Regulon to a Uropathogen.

mBio·2020
Same author

RTX Toxins Ambush Immunity's First Cellular Responders.

Toxins·2019
Same author

Complex Multilevel Control of Hemolysin Production by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

mBio·2019
Same author

The Extracellular Domain of the β<sub>2</sub> Integrin β Subunit (CD18) Is Sufficient for Escherichia coli Hemolysin and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin Cytotoxic Activity.

mBio·2019
Same author

Regulation of hemolysin in uropathogenic Escherichia coli fine-tunes killing of human macrophages.

Virulence·2018
Same journal

A history of <i>EcoSal Plus</i>.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

Transcriptional reprogramming by bacteriophage T4: turning the host transcriptional machinery to the dark side.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

Bacteriophage T4 genome packaging: mechanism and application.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

The bacteriophage T4 homologous recombination system: mechanism, applications, conservation, and environmental significance.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

The bacteriophage T4 replisome: a model system for understanding DNA replication mechanisms.

EcoSal Plus·2025
Same journal

Biology of host-dependent restriction-modification in prokaryotes.

EcoSal Plus·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System
06:20

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Published on: April 9, 2018

10.1K

The Escherichia coli Hemolysin.

Rodney A Welch1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.

Ecosal Plus
|October 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Escherichia coli hemolysin is a key RTX toxin and virulence factor in extraintestinal infections. Further research into RTX toxins is needed to understand their cytotoxic mechanisms and roles in disease.

More Related Videos

Scalable Isolation and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria
09:56

Scalable Isolation and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria

Published on: October 13, 2021

5.0K
Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation
09:52

Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation

Published on: May 15, 2012

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System
06:20

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Published on: April 9, 2018

10.1K
Scalable Isolation and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria
09:56

Scalable Isolation and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria

Published on: October 13, 2021

5.0K
Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation
09:52

Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation

Published on: May 15, 2012

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • The Escherichia coli hemolysin is a well-characterized RTX toxin secreted via a type I exoprotein system.
  • It is a significant virulence factor in murine models of peritonitis and urinary tract infections, suggesting a role in human extraintestinal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics and significance of the E. coli hemolysin as a virulence factor.
  • To discuss the challenges and future directions in RTX toxin research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of genomic data.
  • Comparison of RTX toxin gene organization across different bacterial species.

Main Results:

  • The E. coli hemolysin shares gene organization with Vibrio cholerae RTX loci, confirming its RTX family membership.
  • Its prevalence varies among different E. coli strains, being more common in extraintestinal isolates.
  • RTX toxin research faces challenges in determining physical structure and precise cytotoxic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The E. coli hemolysin is an important cytotoxin in extraintestinal E. coli diseases.
  • Genomic data reveals additional RTX-like genes in pathogens, highlighting the need for functional studies to advance the field.