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Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
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Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
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Microbial communities forming biofilms and mats represent complex, spatially structured ecosystems where metabolic processes are stratified according to light, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Biofilms are initial colonization stages, only a few millimeters thick, while mature microbial mats can reach centimeter-scale thickness and display intricate vertical organization. Their structural and functional heterogeneity allows microorganisms to occupy distinct ecological niches within a few...
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Related Experiment Video

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Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
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Colonization of Abiotic Surfaces.

Christophe Beloin1, Sandra Da Re1, Jean-Marc Ghigo1

  • 1Groupe de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 2172, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.

Ecosal Plus
|October 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Escherichia coli (E. coli) surface colonization involves adhesion and cell-cell interactions, crucial for biofilm formation. Genetic studies in E. coli K-12 reveal diverse factors influencing these processes.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Surface colonization is essential for bacterial survival and proliferation.
  • Biofilm formation in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a complex process involving multiple genetic factors.
  • Understanding E. coli's surface interactions is key to controlling biofilm-related infections and processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genetic analyses identifying factors involved in E. coli surface colonization and biofilm formation.
  • To emphasize studies using Escherichia coli K-12 as a model organism.
  • To explore the interplay between regulatory networks governing adhesin expression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic analyses and studies on E. coli surface colonization.

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  • Focus on Escherichia coli K-12.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to bacterial adhesion and cell-cell adhesion.

    • Main Results:

    • E. coli surface colonization requires both surface adhesion and cell-cell adhesion for biofilm development.
    • Genetic analyses have identified a diverse array of E. coli genes involved in colonization and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces.
    • Physicochemical and electrostatic interactions between the bacterial envelope and substrate are critical for adhesion.

    Conclusions:

    • E. coli K-12 serves as a valuable model for dissecting the genetic basis of surface interactions.
    • A large repertoire of adhesins, regulated by complex networks, is involved in E. coli's colonization.
    • Insights into E. coli K-12 biofilm formation can inform our understanding of natural E. coli isolates.