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Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

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Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Exploring Cellular Zinc Regulation Through ZnT1 Functionality
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Magnesium Transport and Magnesium Homeostasis.

Krisztina M Papp-Wallace, Michael E Maguire

    Ecosal Plus
    |October 8, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review details Salmonella and E. coli magnesium (Mg2+) transporters, CorA and Mgt ATPases. It also covers Mg2+ regulation of gene expression via the PhoPQ system.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli utilize specific transporters for magnesium (Mg2+) influx.
    • CorA proteins represent a unique transporter class found across Bacteria, Archaea, and eukaryotes, while Mgt transporters are P-type ATPases homologous to eukaryotic H+ and Ca2+ ATPases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the properties and regulation of Salmonella and E. coli Mg2+ influx transporters, CorA and Mgt P-type ATPases.
    • To discuss the role of the PhoPQ two-component system in Mg2+ regulation of transcription and translation.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on CorA and Mgt transporter families.
    • Analysis of topology studies (e.g., using blaM and lacZ fusions) for CorA structure.

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  • Examination of gene expression data related to PhoPQ system regulation.

    • Main Results:

    • CorA transporters possess two transmembrane segments at the C terminus, contrary to earlier three-TM models.
    • Expression of mgtA and mgtB genes is induced under low extracellular Mg2+ conditions.
    • The PhoPQ two-component system mediates Mg2+-dependent induction of mgtA and mgtCB expression in both E. coli and Salmonella.

    Conclusions:

    • CorA and Mgt transporters play critical roles in cellular Mg2+ homeostasis.
    • The PhoPQ system is a key regulator of Mg2+ transport gene expression in response to Mg2+ availability.
    • Understanding these systems is crucial for bacterial physiology and potential therapeutic targets.