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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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DNA Helicases.

Piero R Bianco

    Ecosal Plus
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    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    DNA helicases are motor proteins that unwind DNA for essential processes like replication and repair. This chapter details the twelve DNA helicases in E. coli, covering their classification, functions, and interactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • DNA and RNA helicases are crucial motor proteins classified into six superfamilies.
    • DNA helicases are essential for unwinding DNA duplexes into single strands, a process requiring nucleoside 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of DNA helicases, focusing on their roles in DNA metabolism.
    • To discuss the superfamily classification, biochemical properties, and functions of twelve DNA helicases in Escherichia coli.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of sequence alignments, biochemical data, and crystal structures for enzyme classification.
    • Review of existing literature on the roles, mutations, biochemical analysis, oligomeric states, and interaction partners of E. coli DNA helicases.

    Main Results:

    • DNA helicases share common properties including DNA binding, NTP binding and hydrolysis, and NTP hydrolysis-coupled DNA unwinding.
    • Twelve distinct DNA helicases in E. coli perform diverse functions in DNA replication, repair, and recombination.
    • These enzymes are vital for transiently separating DNA strands, enabling critical genomic processes.

    Conclusions:

    • DNA helicases are indispensable for all aspects of DNA metabolism.
    • The chapter provides a detailed examination of each E. coli DNA helicase, highlighting their specific contributions to genome maintenance.