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Optical Coherence Tomography for the Neurologist.

Rachel C Nolan1, Kannan Narayana1, Steven L Galetta1

  • 1Departments of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a valuable tool for eye care professionals, aiding in the structural documentation of the optic nerve and retina. Its applications in neuro-ophthalmology are expanding for diagnosing optic neuropathies and disc edema.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuro-ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely adopted technology in ophthalmology for retinal and optic nerve imaging.
  • Its diagnostic utility is increasingly recognized in neurology and neuro-ophthalmology for various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the expanding role and clinical applications of OCT in neuro-ophthalmology and neurology.
  • To detail the specific structural measurements and conditions where OCT is particularly valuable.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical applications of OCT in neuro-ophthalmology.
  • Description of OCT's capabilities in structural measurement and anatomical analysis.

Main Results:

  • OCT is crucial for measuring peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, optic nerve head volume, and macular anatomy.
  • Common indications include optic neuropathies (e.g., multiple sclerosis), disc edema (papilledema, IIH), and differentiating swelling from pseudopapilledema.

Conclusions:

  • OCT is an indispensable clinical tool for structural documentation and diagnosis in neuro-ophthalmology.
  • Its advanced capabilities aid in differentiating various optic nerve and retinal pathologies.