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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Beyond Hit-and-Run: Stem Cells Leave a Lasting Memory.

Kelvin S Ng1, Thomas M Kuncewicz1, Jeffrey M Karp1

  • 1Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are quickly removed but still offer lasting benefits. Their secretions induce epigenetic changes that alleviate osteoporosis in lupus.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cleared rapidly after systemic transplantation.
  • Therapeutic effects of MSCs often persist despite rapid clearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which MSCs alleviate osteoporosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • To determine if epigenetic modifications mediate the persistent therapeutic benefits of MSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Systemic transplantation of MSCs in a model of lupus-induced osteoporosis.
  • Analysis of epigenetic changes in target cells.
  • Assessment of therapeutic outcomes, including bone density and disease markers.

Main Results:

  • Transplanted MSCs were rapidly cleared from circulation.
  • Therapeutic benefits, including alleviation of osteoporosis, persisted long after MSC clearance.
  • Evidence of MSC-induced epigenetic modifications in bone cells was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in lupus-related osteoporosis is mediated by secreted factors.
  • Epigenetic alterations induced by MSCs contribute to their sustained therapeutic effects.
  • This highlights a novel mechanism for cell-free therapy using MSC secretomes.